Introduction to Marketing for Communities- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to Marketing for Communities and Reviews. Answer: The term social media can be defined as computer-mediated technologies which facilitate the creation as well as sharing of different forms of expression that includes ideas, information, career interests and other via virtual communities and networks. In this era of modernization, popular social media platforms like Facebook, LinkedIn and Snapchat are being used by several organizations to promote the business as well as to enhance the consumer base. Social media marketing can be defined as the usage of social media platforms to promote a product or a service. Considering the fact that majority of the population of Australia, as well as the world, is present in social media, social media is used by the organizations to directly communicate with the consumers and understand their specific requirements (Sensis Social Media Report, 2017). Before the emergence of social media, consumers had little power over large organizations. However, nowadays the traditional power imbalance between t he consumers and brands is getting shifted. In this essay, the extent to which social media provides power to the consumers to take action against the organization have been discussed The concept of social media is largely confined to Facebook. This is because, the mentioned social media platform alone has 850 million users and daily produce 250billion uploads and 1.2 billion like daily (Hajli, 2014). However, when it comes to marketing through social media, the concept is not confined to just Facebook. Organizations frequently use blogs, video sharing, microblogs, forums and opinion sites for promotion and marketing their services and products. In Australia, more than 9 percent of the individuals use social media more than 5 times a day (Xiang Gretzel, 2012). Due to continuous advances in social media development, the interconnectivity between the consumers is increasing. Consumers communicate with each other through online forums, communities, reviews, rating and recommendations. This communication, in turn, has enabled new streams which empower the consumers to convey their point of view as well as influence others. According to Goh, Heng Lin, (2013), social media has converted internet from a platform of information to a platform of influence. Social media which were supposed to empower the organizations have empowered the consumers instead. It has been found that consumers are forming groups with the help of internet and are gaining power (Berthon et al., 2014). As been stated earlier, an individual consumer has a limited amount of power against big organizations and corporation. However, since social media allows consumers of similar opinions form a huge group, the power of consumers has got highly enhanced. However, according to (Chen, Fay Wang, 2013), this power of consumers are limited to the organizations that are available in the social media. According to Deans, (2012), in spite of the fact that several organizations have gained consumer loyalty by using social media for promoting and marketing their service, the social media platform is not designing for marketing branded products. Rather than that, the sole purpose of social media is to interconnect individuals through conversational webs. Therefore, whether a brand will be welcomed or gain popularity in the social media depends totally on the consumers. Thus, consumers are the one who decides which brand to interact with. Mangold Faulds, (2013) argues that the power of accepting a brand in a specific social media platform partially lies in the hand of its online competitors. It is crucial for any organization who wants to enhance its revenue through social media marketing to follow the trend set by other companies in the same domain. A newcomer organization needs to adopt the culture of the specific social media platform it wants to be a part of. In order to gain acceptance and validation from the consumers, organizations should ensure that consumers are able to comment on as well as share the information provided in the official page of the organization. However, in several cases, it is found that negative comment of the summers is deleted by the management of the organizations in order to retain the positive image of the brand. For instance, one of the most globally renowned brands of Australia, namely, Qantas, used to remove negative comments an feedbacks from their official page on Facebook. In spite of imposing a short-term beneficial impact, this phenomenon can lead to a disaster when it comes to the long-term success of an organization ( Labrecque et al., 2013). This is because deleting genuine feedback results in deterioration of the trust of consumers and hence eventually reduces the consumer loyalty of the company. An example of the power of consumers in Social media is demonstrated below. A huge online support from global consumers was able to bring back an obsolete product named Ako-Kola which is a Swedish candy. The mentioned candy was unavailable in stores of Sweden since the year 2006. In order to analyse the power of t he consumers who use social media. Three marketers created a Facebook page with the aim to get enough likes to get back the one-time famous candy. The mission became successful and finally, the Cloetta Company relaunched the Oka-Kola candy in selected stores in Sweden. According to Hanna, Rohm Crittenden, (2015), along with the power to bring back dead products to life, consumers have the power to harm the reputation of the company. Unlike the past, consumers are not passive receivers, they themselves have the power to create content which can lead to disaster for the company. Consumers are free to post their negative reviews and feedback as a form of a blog or on the official page of the companies. One negative comment can influence thousands of consumers. Thus Organizations needs to be aware of the fact that one unhappy or offended consumer may results in attrition of consumers in a huge number. Not only by posting their genuine impression about a product or service, consumers are also found to be presenting honest opinions and reviews about a certain product. For instance, a huge number of beauty bloggers nowadays, are found to be posting honest reviews on various cosmetics and skin care products through blogs, YouTube and popular social media sites like Facebook, Instagram, SnapChat and others. These reviews, if negative can hugely affect the sale of the products as well as the consumer loyalty to the organization. Another example that can a rigid evidence of the power of the consumer provided by social media to task action against a particular organization provides bellow. The sales of the McDonalds Corporation, a highly popular fast food chain of America, suffered a drastic decrement in its sales due to videos and evidence posted against it in a blog named 'MCcruelty: I am hating it'. In this blog, evidence of the cruelty of the mentioned organization to animals was exposed. Visitors who visited the page was able to read a blog named Chickens killed forMcDonald'sare slaughtered using an outdated method that results in extreme suffering where details of how the animals aware tortured and killed were documented (Chen, Fay Wang, 2013). Not only that, the blog also created comics on Ronald McDonald that demonstrated how t he iconic clown of the McDonalds Company is slaughtering the animals ruthlessly. In a nutshell, the mentioned blog used the icons of the Company against them. This blog became viral within a very short period of time. It was shared on popular social media sites like Facebook and LinkedIn by a huge number of consumers. An innumerable number of consumers re-tweeted the blog on Twitter. In spite of being a huge organization, McDonald's seemed to be powerless when it came to hinder the way of negative promotion against the company. Social media has both driven and coincided with a dramatic change in the way that helps businesses to interact with their customers and vice versa. Along with that, the rising pressure on companies will be more socially responsible and value creation for both long-term and short-term investment in society. This phenomenon translates into consistent and firm growth and dominant positions in the operational market segment. On the other social media has become essential equipment that consumers can aggressively use against the business organisation to reform their business attitudes and force companies to handle greater social responsibility. The significant utility is being able to deliver a truly integrated communication platform, where customers have their choice of how and when they communicate with an organisation (Goh, Heng Lin, 2013). Concerned consumers realise that they can use social media to organise themselves around shared values to start dynamic movements. From the above context it can be said that the popular social media platforms like Facebook, LinkedIn and Snapchat are being used by several organizations to promote the business as well as to enhance the consumer base. On the other hand, because of continuous improvement in social media and its accessibility development, the interconnectivity between the consumers is also increasing.From the above discussion, it can be observed that the consumers are forming groups with the help of internet and are gaining the power to influence the organisational operations and business strategies.Apart from that, it is also noticeable that, the consumers are not passive receivers, they themselves have the power to create content which can lead to disaster for the company.Therefore, it can be said that the rising pressure on companies will be more socially responsible for both long-term and short-term investment of the operating business organisation. Reference List Berthon, P. R., Pitt, L. F., Plangger, K., Shapiro, D. (2014). Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy.Business horizons,55(3), 261-271. Chen, Y., Fay, S., Wang, Q. (2013). The role of marketing in social media: How online consumer reviews evolve.Journal of Interactive Marketing,25(2), 85-94. Deans, P. C. (2011). The impact of social media on C-level roles.MIS Quarterly Executive,10(4), 187-200. Goh, K. Y., Heng, C. S., Lin, Z. (2013). Social media brand community and consumer behavior: Quantifying the relative impact of user-and marketer-generated content.Information Systems Research,24(1), 88-107. Hajli, M. N. (2014). A study of the impact of social media on consumers.International Journal of Market Research,56(3), 387-404. Hanna, R., Rohm, A., Crittenden, V. L. (2015). Were all connected: The power of the social media ecosystem.Business horizons,54(3), 265-273. Labrecque, L. I., vor dem Esche, J., Mathwick, C., Novak, T. P., Hofacker, C. F. (2013). Consumer power: Evolution in the digital age.Journal of Interactive Marketing,27(4), 257-269. Mangold, W. G., Faulds, D. J. (2013). Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix.Business horizons,52(4), 357-365. Sensis Social Media Report (2017).Sensis.com.au. Retrieved 15 April 2018, from https://www.sensis.com.au/asset/PDFdirectory/Sensis-Social-Media-Report-2017.pdf Xiang, Z., Gretzel, U. (2010). Role of social media in online travel information search.Tourism management,31(2), 179-188.

Skills in Global Management-Free-Samples-Myassignmnthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Skills in Global Management. Answer: Introduction Increased globalisation is leading the organisations to accommodate a culturally diverse workforce that have a number of benefits. These multicultural workforces shares the differences and commonalities that helps the organisation to explore wide range of idea and increased organisational performance. However, the benefits can only be attained on increased management efficiency developed by the manager. Hence, the efficiency of a global workforce is equivalent to the management efficiency held by the global manager. This essay will reflect upon the skills required as well as the skill I need developed for directing a global workforce. The later part of the essay will identify the action plan required to develop my skills in particular areas identified. Skills Expected to manage global environment As mentioned, global managers requires a number of skills that helps them leading the multicultural workforce. According to my understanding, global managers must develop excellent communication skills that helps them in number of aspects such as team building, diversity management, dealing with problems, surviving catastrophe and relationship development process. Global managers are responsible for both building and managing team with multicultural employees by bringing them together for performing a single task. Hence, an efficient multicultural team is expected to develop efficient communication between the employees and develop healthy relationship with each other. Moreover, I think that the global leaders are viewed as role models the employees are to follow. Hence, it is important for the manager to reflect charismatic personality that will influence the employees to devote themselves towards the work and try to achieve the position held by the leader. Moreover, I observed that the motivation factor is of primary importance to lead a global multicultural team. It is expected from the leaders to reflect optimism and encourage their employees by motivating them at work. It might be sharing feedback and appreciation for the job performed by the subordinates or support them in their task as well as to direct them towards the desired goal. Hence, motivation is another important skill a leader must poses for efficiently managing the global workforce. Intellectual stimulation on the other hand is also an important skill that helps the managers valuing the creativity and autonomy of the subordinate that encourages them and increase their interest in devoting themselves towards the organisations goal. Moreover, I understand that the Vrooms expectancy helps the employees in aligning the expectations with the organisational goal that results in attaining greater performance. These are the skills required by the global leaders for efficiently managing their multicult ural workforce, which again can be linked with the transformational leadership style, which expects similar skills from the leaders. Personal Skill Assessment Communication skills is the primary barrier that I need to work on as I lack in the particular field. Though I have developed my skills to communicate to my colleagues from the same cultural background, it is difficult for me to have a long conversation with colleagues belonging from different cultural background. Moreover, I find it difficult to start conversation with new people, as I require time to know the individual before properly communicate with him or her. Presentation skills I developed in my career is also moderate, which I need to work on before considering becoming a global leader as it is essential for the leader to present a confident and encouraging figure before the subordinates. This will not only help me in communicating with the subordinates, but also help in motivating them. Secondly, I need to develop my ability to motivate and encourage people, which again requires a high level of optimistic point of view. This requires me to train myself viewing things from p ositive perspective to constantly motivating the subordinates and appreciate their effort. This can be attained thorough self-actualisation as it helps building motivation. Action Plan Area of Development Plan Time Communication Practice listening to others before commenting 3 months Involve myself in multicultural groups 6 months Practicing non-verbal communication skills using smile and gesture 6 months Practice expressing honest opinion 3 months Develop speaking skills, which includes clear pronunciation, moderate voice and withhold emotions. 6 months Personality Practice identifying positive aspects in everything 12 months Practice respecting others thoughts by appreciating them 6 months Read motivational articles 6 months Teamwork Engage in group activities 3 months Start discussion in group 6 months Effective goal setting 3 months Foster online learning community 12 months Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discussion that the global leaders requires a number of skills, among which the communication skills can be prioritised as this particular skill is involved in every other characteristics developed by a global manager. In short, on needs to develop transformational leadership style for managing a global workforce. The action place I developed can effectively help me in developing the skills of communication, teamwork and personality that I lack in course of becoming a global leader.

Population Essays - Environmental Issues, Population Ecology

population Population A population according to the funk and Wangnall Dictionary is a grouping of individuals subject to the processes of birth, death, and migration.. During the first 2 million years of our history the human population had very little effect upon the overall world ecosystem, with no more than 10 million members. In the New Stone Age, less than 10,000 years ago, the number of humans began to increase more rapidly. By the beginning of the Christian era it had reached 250 million, and by the year 1650 CE up to half a billion(Internet Source)Reproduction resulted un having children which were perfect for doing farmwork, collecting dowry and starting family. By 2030,the population is projected to hit eight to ten billion. With this rapid growth, concern for the future is inevitable. The planet can not handle anymore chaos and can not create enough food to disturbate to those who are in demand of it. A stable relationship with plants and animals must be attained or future populations will suffer. Problem About 140 000 million babies will be born, and 53 million will die which gives the overpopulated world an additional 84 million people per year. With the planet growing at alarming rate 230 000 per day people, With the increasing population, pollution is on the rise, making safe water scarce In Asia the population increases by 50 million, the population of Africa by 17 million and Latin America and the Caribbean by only eight million. Africa has the hightest growth rate at 2.36 %(Internet Source). These are places where people need children for work or if they don't want kids they have no way of getting contraception or to be informed about it, thus making the population grow at an alarming rate. Someone must feed the hungry, with each individual requiring about 2 200 calouries per day unfortunetly of the six billion over 220 million are malnourished. Causes of rapid growth Throughout history many have debated the plant's carrying capacity. As far back as 469 BC in Socrates time and to the present, have said that the world will suffer globally for there will not enough food for humans. Farmers of the past, present and the future have and will continue to prove these assumptions wrong. Farming is the elemant that has been keeping the assumpation wrong. Farming has been around since the 8000 B.C perhaps one of the most important inventions ever made Too many people are living on the plant presently, thanks to technology less people are dying due the quality of life that is improving, though its not directly related to malnutriention it's the speed of growth that is the cause of malnourshed and farming is the fuel that lets the population grow so fast. The root cause s of malnutrition is the lack of available and affordable food, health services, safe water, and proper sanitation. Technology not only lets the human race to live longer and healthier lives providing them with a better quality of life due to the fact that we eat better. Farming with the help of tecnology is the cause why we eat better thus letting the human population grow rapidly. Throughout history many have debated the plant's carrying capacity. As far back as 469 BC in Socrates time and to the present, have said that the world will suffer globally for there will not enough food for humans. Farmers of the past, present and the future have and will continue to prove these assumptions wrong. Farming is the elemant that has been keeping the assumpation wrong. Farming has been around since the 8000 B.C perhaps one of the most important inventions ever made. Without farming the world would not be able to reach the present size of the human population and the for seen future. Someone must feed the hungry, with each individual requiring about 2 200 calouries per day. Farming brings food to dinner tables and is what helps us to grow. It allows humans to grow and get taught new methods of technology to aid society in the future. Technology is not only beneficial for farming, but it increases the life expectancy of humans, thus less people are dying. and keeping the population under control . During the 14th century the Black Death wiped out a third of the population of Europe.(Grolier Encyclopedia) If the 14th century had our present day medicine or technology, this catasophy would have been unheard of. Triumph over disease on a worldwide scale did not come until 20th century with the introduction of antibiotics and DDT. DDT is a very active, broad-spectrum pesticide, particularly

Assessments - How to Write an Assessments Plan Essay For Work Sample

Assessments - How to Write an Assessment's Plan Essay For Work SampleStudents must be able to test out in an assignment or evaluation that they have submitted and ensure that they don't compromise the quality of the work by having something written by them. To be effective, students must possess enough knowledge about what will be tested and how the whole process should go. If you're a student who has already taken an assessment or a work sample in college and you wish to take it again, you must prepare for the whole thing.As I am sure you're aware, colleges are known for their rigid process of grading. It is imperative that you and the other students, who have already taken similar work samples, are properly prepared before you enter the college. To help you with this, here is an assessment plan essay for work sample. It will cover the best way to proceed with the composition and provide you with the necessary guidelines.You must first decide which assessment plan that you will be u sing. The choices you have may range from PPM or Proficiency Exam (for freshmen) to Sentence Comprehension (for juniors and seniors). Whichever assessment plan you end up using, make sure that you're prepared to give a well-written assessment.Write about the element that you're writing about and not the written word. This will show the teacher that you're presenting the elements of the assignment on your own terms instead of by using the written word. Teachers usually like this more than students who just provide information.Take the time to write a sentence that goes along with the test that you've submitted. You need to demonstrate to the other students that you have understood the material they gave you, and they should know that you comprehend the assignment as well. Furthermore, this makes your writing more authentic.There's no good idea that doesn't require some editing. You may also want to proofread, review, and edit. However, there are times when the original draft can be a bit wordy and clumsy, so you may want to do some editing beforehand.Remember to use the framework provided in the college work sample. Make sure that you read it thoroughly before you submit your work. Ideally, this should come from someone else, so that you will know that it is well-structured and can be successfully implemented.Overall, a college work sample is an important tool for students who are preparing for an assessment. It is essential that you prepare a very good one, especially if you're testing for the same material. Remember to give students examples of relevant work samples and read through your assigned work sample several times before hand.

Role of Individual Communication and Complain

Role of Individual Communication and Complain Introduction A number of states are faced with the challenge of balancing state sovereignty with human rights since they are incompatible in practice meaning it is a global issue that many societies face, but the best way of addressing it is still unclear, as state and non-state actors are yet to come up with a comprehensive solution.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Individual Communication and Complain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After the Second World War, Universal Declaration on Human Rights was ratified with the main purpose of fulfilling the interests of the minorities and checking the excesses of governments, as the world had witnessed the most horrifying situation whereby many people lost their lives and quite a number was physically and psychological tortured (Roth 2004, p. 65). Currently, the actions of various state and non-state actors amount to gross violation of human rights. Events, such a s racial hatred, media suppression, distortion, and bias are rampant in various parts of the world, yet they are instances of human rights violations. The global society is concerned with how the situation could be improved. The United Nations Human Rights Council is an international organization charged with the role of ensuring individuals enjoy their rights and freedoms. However, various studies indicate that the body is impotent given its inability to prevent governments and belligerent actors from taking people through inhuman conditions (Smith Pagnucco 1998, p. 380). Apart from the United Nations agency, several human rights organizations operating regionally exist, but they lack the capacity to handle the situation leading to continued suffering. In this article, it is argued that the UN and other regional human rights organizations have failed to carry out their mandates.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main reason for failure is the structure, which does not support the leadership style that characterizes human rights organizations. It is suggested that the situation could be improved through facilitating individual communication and reporting of complaints. An Overview Some people sacrifice their lives to fight for democracy in many parts of the world. It is unfortunate that such individuals end up living miserable lives because of inadequate measures to support their activities. In developed countries, minorities are faced with the major challenge of racism given the fact their culture is never appreciated and they are always urged to join the mainstream society. In fact, racism is a tool of discrimination and domination that is employed effectively to subjugate a section of society (Meyer 1996, p. 372). Women are considered a special group. However, studies show that they have never enjoyed their freedoms and rights since time immemorial. Based on this, it is noted that the major challenge to their survival is a rigid social structure, defective culture, and male chauvinism. A few years ago, world leaders from various states ratified a treaty that would see the protection of the rights of women. Surprisingly, the situation is still the same since women face traditional problems, especially in the educational system and the labor market. For instance, studies prove that women work for longer hours as compared to men although they end up receiving minimal wages. Indigenous communities are rarely protected from the emerging Multinational Corporations that influence national governments to institute unfavorable land reforms, which end up interfering with the lives of the locals. Mining companies are known to support evacuation programs to pave way for exploration.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Individual Communication and Complain specifically for you for only $16.0 5 $11/page Learn More The process is always done in an inhumane way leading to conflicts (Shelton Wright-Carozza 2013, p. 54). A recent study sponsored by the human rights organizations has revealed that the aboriginals in various parts of the world, such as Canada and Australia, are the most disadvantaged people in the world. Records show further that the discriminated aboriginals are close to three-hundred and seventy million spanning over seventy countries (Shestack 2014, p. 10). Large conglomerates have enormous economic and political power. The UN, as well as other regional human rights organizations, is unwilling to engage them in talks to end inhuman conditions because of their enormous influence (Megret 2008, p. 510). These companies always participate in activities that could not be sustained in development, which ends up in damaging the environment leading to global warming. Additionally, in both developed and developing countries, multinational companies lobby the government to enter into unfavorable trade agreements that make life difficult for the locals, but the UN does not have mechanisms to challenge this behavior. In countries depending on agriculture and production as the major economic pillars, child labor has always been an issue of concern. Unfortunately, the UN simply gives a report and expects other agencies to act meaning it does not have the power to deal with the problem. After the 9/11 attack, the US and other powerful countries have been interfering with the lives of people with claims that they are trying to prevent terrorism (Lindgre 2000, p. 486).Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, the US established an entire department named homeland defense to monitor the situation and advise the government accordingly on issues related to terrorism. In June 2013, wiki leaks revealed critical information and it was evident that the US government has been spying on individuals without their knowledge. The whistle-blower, Edward Snowden, confirmed that the US is one of the threats to individual rights and freedoms, as it engages in unethical and unprofessional behavior, such as intercepting emails, phone calls, and other forms of the internet communication. This shows that the UN and other regional human rights bodies are impotent since they know the problems that people face, but they lack strategies on how to deal with insincere actors, such as the US. The human rights organizations are impotent given the fact they lack the power to act unilaterally or multilaterally meaning creation of a new system based on individual communication and complaints would be hel pful in resolving the soaring cases of human rights violations (Weissbrodt 2006, p. 150). Without adequate communication and reporting of these injustices, the global society would not achieve the much-needed objectives related to gender equality, environmental conservation, democracy, and lasting peace. Status of the United Nations Human Rights Council and other Regional Organizations Failures of the UNHC Just as the United Nations Humans Rights Council, the regional human rights bodies face similar challenges that are mainly the result of the defective structure. The UN human rights body was established during the Bush administration and the US kept off from the leadership of the body because the majority members in the UN General Assembly would control it. The new body is not any different from the defunct commission on human rights that had failed to control the rogue states from committing the worst crimes in the human history (Tobin 2010, p. 47). The current structure of the o rganization allows the notorious human rights abusers to manipulate the system since Burma, Syria, Libya, China, Cuba, Sudan, Zimbabwe, and Saudi Arabia are strong members, something that the US is opposed to. Unfortunately, North Korea, which is one of the rogue states in the current international system, endorsed the organization upon its inception meaning it never poses any threat to its national interests. The new council is in fact expected to perform dismally just as the previous one. The US tried vehemently to reform the non-operational human rights commission without much success something that allowed the opponents of human rights to carry the day in the general assembly. First, the council lacks criteria for membership inclusion since those seeking ascension would be admitted through a simple majority vote (Weissbrodt 2010, p. 16). Additionally, each state is allowed to request for membership without necessarily showing any progress as far as human rights violation is conc erned. Even though the proponents of human rights, such as the US, the UK, Netherlands, Spain, Germany, and Spain would be interested in blocking the membership of rogue states, they would not have sufficient votes to influence the results. One of the resolutions of the council calls on members to review the conduct of one of the partners suspected to be going against the rules. Unfortunately, this evaluation does not have any effect on the membership status of any state meaning it is irrelevant. A state found to have violated the human rights would not be censured, as any suspension or expulsion is only supported by a two-third majority vote in the general assembly (Arsalan 2006, p. 260). In 2005, at least fifty percent of members voted to stop the membership of Sudan. However, this was not sufficient to confirm that the state was guilty of human rights violations. The commission on human rights had fifty-three members and the current one has forty-seven meaning the reduced number was insignificant to facilitate efficiency, something that continues to affect the quality of decisions made. Instead of aiming at strengthening the body by encouraging participative membership, the council was formed with the major objective of shifting the balance of power from the West to the Asia, Africa, and South America. Consequently, the Asian and African states dominate the council with a total vote of fifty-five percent. With time, the number of western countries in the council has been in the decline while African and Asian countries are being represented in large numbers, which is an issue of concern given the fact that the states are known for violating individual rights and freedoms (Ruggie 2007, p. 47). The western countries are believed to uphold individual rights since they are democratic states and the quality of decisions they are expected to make would favor representation and survival. The council has the power to call for special sessions, but only a one-third vote would grant this meaning the western countries would be less represented and what will be discussed in the meeting will be irrelevant, as far as respect for human rights is concerned. The idea of following up goals and commitments as suggested by the UN conferences and summits is uncalled since it lacks the support of the majority of powerful states, as well as legal standings. Lastly, the council resolution tends to erode a well-established standard of freedom of speech since a clause was sneaked in at the last minute following the cartoon affair in Denmark (Voeten 2008, p. 423). Weaknesses of Regional Human Rights Organizations Regional human rights organizations in various continents differ significantly pertaining to their history, structure, and objectives. The only similarity is that they lack the capacity to promote human rights, as they do not have sufficient instruments. A number of these organizations are created to respond to the legal issues meaning they are a resul t of the local law societies even though some are simply bar associations. Those originating from religious organizations tend to be strong in engaging the government in dialogue to provide an enabling environment for individual fulfillment even though their scope is limited. One of the greatest weaknesses of local and regional human rights organizations is the lack of coordination and collaboration. Each organization wishes to operate independently making it difficult to realize the main goals. Studies show that the human rights organizations operating in Africa, South America, and Asia are more of a dream rather than reality, as their members rarely contact each other, exchange ideas, or materials (Lauren 2011, p. 57). Insufficient articulation of ideas and resources among these entities is a threat to the provision of individual privileges since states have always explored this opportunity to weaken them further (Steiner Goodman 2008, p. 38). Such organizations fail to consult e xtensively before devising policies, yet they could be better off if they coordinate with other segments of society, such as the media and the legal fraternity, which are known to champion for human rights. In Africa, the demands of francophone human rights groups are different from those of the Anglophone and this has made it difficult to achieve the desired results. In West African region, a strong human rights organization referred to as the Inter-African Union for Human Rights based in Burkina Faso, exists but its major weakness is political and personal differences among its members. The organizations fighting for the rights of the underprivileged in society have unclear goals and objectives since they are spread too thinly, yet there are many the human rights issues facing individuals. While some are established based on the ideas of pan-Africanism, the reality is that they operate in their state borders with limited operational methods that are inapplicable elsewhere. The org anizations lack planning structures to an extent that the decisions they formulate are reactionary in nature (Reif 2004, p. 113). For these organizations to improve they have to conceptualize and execute educational programs, as this would allow sustainability of programs instead of trying to claim they are relevant in society yet the results are negative. The human rights groups in Africa, Asia, and South America are focused on political rights, such as the freedom of expression, association, political participation, and the right of protection from the law whereby detention is made in the proper way and the conditions leading to torture are eliminated. This means those engaged in the fight for human rights are lawyers, journalists, and other professionals, as the governments always infringe on their rights (Mutua 2009, p. 28). The human rights organizations could only improve if they extend their mandate to include a fight for economic and social rights. Unfortunately, the organiz ations depend on donors for funding while studies show western governments are reluctant to finance organizations focusing on economic and social rights. As mentioned earlier, the organizations do not have proper coordination and collaboration mechanisms leading to duplication and overlapping of roles. In the industrialized states, the human organizations are faced with the major predicament of urban-rural division since majorities of the groups conduct their activities in municipalities and metropolis, particularly in the capital cities, yet many people are found in the rural areas. Research shows further that the city life has its own dynamics and it does not represent the views of those living in the rural areas. The human rights groups have attempted to establish branches to resolve this issue, but still poor communication from the center affect the operations leading to underperformance. However, the human rights groups linked to the modern religions have succeeded in achieving the common goal since they have a readymade structure nationally (Calnan 2008, p. 65). In South Africa, the United States, and other countries suffering from racism and ethnic conflicts, social divisions have been a big issue, as far as realization of the goal and the set objective is concerned since the white race utilizes the political power granted to it to subjugate the rest of the races leading to additional tensions. The performance of such regional groups would be strengthened by involving the minorities in the leadership structures. In some cases, human rights groups are viewed as representing the ideas of a certain dominant ethnic group, particularly when the human rights issue at hand is violence (Bob 2009, p. 76). A majority of human rights organizations in various regions are one-man show meaning they lack internal democratic structures whereby attorneys, researchers, and journalists, are given an opportunity to participate. This might be occasioned by funding issues, w hich allows the head of the organization to dominate the decision-making process. Another problem is gender imbalance whereby women are not given sufficient positions in the organization. It is surprising to note that men control even those organizations dedicated to solving feminine problems. Because of poor structural organization and ineffectiveness in policy formulation, the organizations suffer from funding, which makes them underperform (Bayefsky 2002, p. 17). Only those organizations affiliated to churches and the international organizations have stable funding, but most of them have been forced to shut down their operations because of funding issues. The regional human rights bodies have poor relations with global organizations that are known to support human rights organizations. System of Individual Communication and Complaints The United Nations council in charge of human rights and other regional human rights bodies could improve their performance through a system of ind ividual communication and complaints. Through the new system, individuals would be given an opportunity to protest directly regarding the violation of their rights, which would go a long way in bringing out the real meaning of the rights as contained in the various treaties (Ochoa 2013, p. 71). First, individuals should be familiar with the procedure of problem escalation whereby the offices concerned with the preservation of individual rights should set reporting desks that will facilitate inquiries. Through this, individuals will be in a position to communicate easily with the agencies and if the problem is complex, the neighboring state will have the chance of intervening in what is referred to as state-to-state complaints. In the current system, nine treaties exist, which facilitate individual communication. Each of the treaties has a monitoring body that is concerned with ensuring the law is followed in carrying out key state functions. The Human Rights Committee is one of the treaties that take into consideration individual complaints whenever the international law is broken. The committee is mainly concerned with the provision of political and civil rights. If a candidate feels that his or her political rights have been denied in society and the state organs are unable to resolve them, he or she should feel free to seek guidance from the committee. The committee will move in to analyze the situation and in case the political process is inconsistent with the national and international law, action will be taken against the state or its actors. This plays a critical role in resolving political problems that always result in mass killings and forceful transfer of populations through ethnic wars (MacFarlane Khong 2007, p. 32). The committee on the elimination of discrimination against women (CEDEW) is another treaty that was formulated to protect the interests of women in society and it mainly accepts individual complaints from the affected members. The com mittee bases its authority on the previous treaty that bars all forms of discriminations directed towards women. The committee against torture is commended for the work it does to eliminate all forms of cruelty, degrading mistreatment, and unnecessary punishment (Normand Zaidi 2008, p. 90). Recently, states has employed unwanted methods of information extraction, such as torture, which is applicable even in developed countries. Since individuals are taken through pain, they might end up admitting doing something while in reality they are innocent. Under such circumstances, the individual has to be given an opportunity to report directly to the committee for proper action to be taken. Again, people living with disabilities suffer a lot when it comes to interacting with other members of society because they are not provided with adequate facilities to ease their movement. In many societies, such members are instructed to accept their conditions, but the case is different internationa lly because they have to be provided with all necessary equipments to help them interact and interrelate freely. Since the groups might not have the ability to fight for their rights, they must be given an opportunity to report directly to the existing human rights organizations for their cases to be heard and resolved. Either the affected individuals or their legal representatives might launch complaints. If one state violates the existing treaties on human rights, the international law allows other states to launch complaints with the human rights groups, including the one under the United Nations. Some states are known to extend their aggression to peaceful states demanding for things that do not belong to them. For instance, some might want to alter the boundaries with claims that the land belonged to them traditionally, which might lead to wars and armed conflicts (United Nations 2008, p. 110). Border conflicts are better handled through peaceful negotiations instead of engagin g in war. However, some states have never considered utilizing this option. Therefore, the peaceful state is allowed to raise complain with the world body in charge of human rights, which will go on to initiate a peaceful process of conflict resolution (Hitchens 2001, p. 110). Conclusion The United Nations and several regional bodies are doing everything under their control to prevent states and other global actors from violating the human rights. However, they have failed to execute their mandates because of poor systems of operation that do not support reporting of problems and clear communication. It is noted that the UN council on human rights is as ineffective as its predecessor and only a clear communication and complain reporting system could improve the situation. Regional human rights organizations are trying to protect people, but their focus is narrow and this would not resolve all problems. In fact, without a clear communication and complaint reporting, the entire proces s of defending the rights of people is impotent. List of References Arsalan, M 2006, Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol. 19, no. 6, pp 257-265. Bayefsky, A 2002, How to complain to the UN human rights treaty system, Kluwer Law International, The Hague. Bob, C 2009, The international struggle for new human rights, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. Calnan, S 2008, The effectiveness of domestic human rights NGOs: A comparative study, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden. Hitchens, C 2001, the Trial of Henry Kissinger, Verso, London. Lauren, PG 2011, The evolution of international human rights: Visions seen, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. Lindgre, AJ 2000, â€Å"The Declaration of Human Rights in Post modernity,† Human Right Quarterly, Vol. 22, no. 2, pp 478-500. MacFarlane, SN Khong, YF 2007, Human security and the UN: A critical history, Indiana University Press, Bloomington. Megret, F 2008, â€Å"The Disabilities Co nvention: Human Rights of Persons with Disabilities or Disability Rights?† Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 30, no. 2, pp 494-516. Meyer, W 1996, Human Rights, and MNCs: Theory versus Quantitative Analysis,† Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 18, no. 2, pp 368-397. Mutua, M 2009, Human rights NGOs in East Africa: Political and normative tensions, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. Normand, R Zaidi, S 2008, Human rights at the UN: The political history of universal justice, Indiana University Press, Bloomington. Ochoa, JC 2013, The rights of victims in criminal justice proceedings for serious human rights violations, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden. Reif, LC 2004, The ombudsman, good governance and the international human rights system, Nijhoff, Leiden. Roth, K 2004, â€Å"Defending Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights: Practical Issues Faced by an International Human Rights Organization†, Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 63-73. Ruggie, JG 2007, â€Å"Current developments, business and human rights: the evolving international agenda,† Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol. 101, no. 4, pp 44-56. Shelton, D Wright-Carozza, 2013, Regional protection of human rights, Oxford University Press, New York. Shestack, JJ 2014, Philosophical foundations of human right, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Smith, J Pagnucco, R 1998, â€Å"Globalizing human rights: the work of transnational human rights NGOs in the 1990,† Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 20, no. 2, pp 379-412. Steiner, HJ, Alston, P Goodman, R 2008, International human rights in context: Law, politics, morals: text and materials, Oxford University Press Oxford, Oxford University Press. Tobin, JW 2010, â€Å"Seeking to Persuade: A Constructive Approach to Human Rights Treaty Interpretation,† Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol. 23, no. 5, pp 35-89. United Nations 2008, Selected decisions of the Human Rights Committee under the Optional Protocol: Volume 9: 85th to 91st sessions (October 2005-October 2007, United Nations, New York. Voeten, E 2008, â€Å"The Impartiality of International Judges: Evidence from the European Court of Human Rights,† American Political Science Review, Vol. 102, no. 4, pp 417-433. Weissbrodt, D 2006, â€Å"Extraordinary Rendition: A Human Rights Analysis,† Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol. 19, no. 1, pp 123-160. Weissbrodt, D 2010, â€Å"The Role of the Committee on the Rights of the Child in Interpreting and Developing Humanitarian Law,† Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol. 24, no. 1, pp 10-41.

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